In “Hood Feminism: Notes from the Women that a Movement Forgot,” Mikki Kendall weaves an impassioned and thought-provoking examination of mainstream feminism’s shortcomings in addressing the intersecting issues affecting women from marginalized communities. Through a series of sharp and insightful essays, Kendall powerfully dissects the ways in which feminism often fails to acknowledge the unique challenges faced by women of color, low-income women, and LGBTQ+ women. By exploring a range of topics, from food insecurity and affordable housing to healthcare, violence, and education, Kendall advocates for a more inclusive and intersectional feminist movement that uplifts and fights for the rights of all.
Chapter 1: Introduction – Unpacking Feminism
Chapter 1: Introduction – Unpacking Feminism of the book Hood Feminism by Mikki Kendall is a compelling exploration of the ways in which mainstream feminism has failed to address the needs and intersectional struggles of marginalized women. Kendall introduces the concept of “hood feminism,” a term that embodies the experiences of women who exist on the fringes of society, including women of color, working-class women, and queer women.
The chapter begins with Kendall recounting her childhood experiences growing up in poverty, emphasizing that her perspective as a hood feminist is rooted in personal experiences and the observation of systemic injustices. She highlights the disconnect between the priorities of mainstream feminism, which often focus on issues such as reproductive rights and workplace equality, and the pressing concerns faced by women in marginalized communities, such as access to quality healthcare, food insecurity, and the threat of violence.
Kendall challenges the notion that feminism should solely center around the needs and desires of white, middle-class women. She argues that in order for feminism to be effective and meaningful, it must address the complex realities faced by women who experience multiple forms of oppression. The chapter further unpacks the harmful consequences of mainstream feminism’s exclusionary approach, including perpetuating racial biases and reinforcing power imbalances.
Throughout the chapter, Kendall emphasizes the importance of intersectionality in feminist discourse. She encourages readers to consider the ways in which systems of oppression intersect, affecting women differently based on their race, class, and other social identities.
In summary, Chapter 1 of Hood Feminism presents a powerful critique of mainstream feminism and calls for a more inclusive, intersectional approach that uplifts the voices and experiences of marginalized women. Kendall sets the stage for the subsequent chapters, challenging readers to reconsider their understanding of feminism and advocating for a more inclusive and impactful movement.
Chapter 2: The Intersectionality of Hunger
Chapter 2 of “Hood Feminism” by Mikki Kendall explores the concept of intersectionality in the context of hunger. The chapter delves into how mainstream discussions about hunger often focus solely on poverty or economic factors, while overlooking various intersecting identities and social issues that contribute to food insecurity.
Kendall highlights how race, gender, and other marginalized identities intersect with hunger, leading to unique challenges faced by individuals. She emphasizes that women, especially women of color, bear the brunt of food insecurity due to economic disparities, systemic racism, and the gender wage gap. Kendall argues that understanding the intersectionality of hunger is crucial for creating effective solutions and addressing the root causes of food insecurity.
The chapter further explores how various forms of oppression, such as racism, sexism, and ableism, intersect to create barriers to accessing nutritious food. Kendall acknowledges that hunger is not solely caused by poverty but also by a lack of representation and voice in policy-making, inequitable access to affordable and healthy food, disproportionate rates of food-related diseases, and the stigma associated with seeking assistance.
Through personal anecdotes and statistical data, Kendall demonstrates the importance of considering intersectionality while addressing hunger. She calls for a more inclusive approach that recognizes the complex intersecting identities and experiences of individuals affected by food insecurity. Kendall also highlights the need for diverse voices and leadership in tackling hunger-related issues to ensure that marginalized communities are adequately represented.
In summary, Chapter 2 of “Hood Feminism” illuminates the intersectionality of hunger, highlighting the unique challenges faced by marginalized communities. Kendall emphasizes the significance of incorporating diverse perspectives in combating food insecurity and emphasizes the need for comprehensive and inclusive solutions.
Chapter 3: Housing, Homelessness, and the Feminist Myth of Safety
Chapter 3 of “Hood Feminism” by Mikki Kendall explores the issues of housing, homelessness, and challenges the feminist myth of safety. The chapter delves into how these issues disproportionately affect marginalized communities, particularly women of color, and critiques the mainstream feminist movement for its failure to address them adequately.
Kendall highlights the interconnectedness between poverty, inadequate housing, and homelessness. She highlights how the lack of affordable housing options and systemic inequalities contribute to the cycle of poverty, making it harder for individuals and families to secure stable housing. The author emphasizes that women, who are often the primary caregivers and heads of households, bear the brunt of this crisis, facing the constant struggle of providing a safe and stable environment for themselves and their children.
Furthermore, Kendall deconstructs the feminist myth of safety, arguing that safety is not a universal experience for all women. She exposes how discussions around safety within feminism often ignore the experiences of women in marginalized communities, who face additional layers of violence and discrimination due to their intersecting identities. The author calls for a more inclusive feminist movement that acknowledges the diverse experiences and challenges faced by marginalized communities.
Throughout the chapter, Kendall provides examples of grassroots movements and organizations that are working to address these issues and uplift marginalized voices. She emphasizes the importance of centering the needs of women of color and low-income communities in policy discussions and calls for a more intersectional and inclusive approach to feminism.
Overall, Chapter 3 of “Hood Feminism” serves as a critique of the mainstream feminist movement, highlighting the urgent need for a more comprehensive and intersectional approach to addressing issues of housing, homelessness, and safety.
Chapter 4: The Feminism of Black Hair
Chapter 4 of “Hood Feminism” by Mikki Kendall, titled “The Feminism of Black Hair,” delves into the intersectionality of race, gender, and hair within the Black community. Kendall argues that traditional feminism has often neglected the unique struggles Black women face regarding their hair and how it connects to their identity, self-expression, and societal perceptions.
The author begins by highlighting the historical context of Black hair, which has long been subjected to Eurocentric beauty standards enforced by society. Kendall explains how the pressure to conform to these standards has led many Black women to resort to harmful practices such as straightening, relaxing, and chemically altering their hair. The detrimental effects of these practices underscore the systemic racism and oppression that Black women endure.
Through personal anecdotes and research, Kendall demonstrates how Black hair is often seen as unprofessional, inappropriate, or unclean in many spaces, including workplaces and schools. This prejudice not only affects individual self-esteem but also perpetuates systematic discrimination against Black women. Furthermore, the author emphasizes how certain policies, such as “natural hair bans” or restrictions on specific hairstyles, disproportionately target and harm Black women and girls.
Kendall also sheds light on the economic aspect of the Black hair industry, which is largely controlled by non-Black individuals. She argues that this capitalist exploitation not only capitalizes on Black women’s insecurities but also profits from their attempts to conform to Eurocentric beauty standards.
Ultimately, Kendall emphasizes the importance of centering Black hair in feminist discussions. Recognizing and addressing the unique experiences and challenges faced by Black women regarding their hair is crucial in dismantling the deeply entrenched racism and misogyny that shape beauty standards and societal expectations. By broadening the scope of feminism to encompass Black hair, a more inclusive and intersectional movement can be fostered, empowering all women to embrace their natural hair and be accepted on their own terms.
Chapter 5: Girls Just Wanna Not Get Married
Chapter 5: Girls Just Wanna Not Get Married begins with author Mikki Kendall discussing the societal pressure on women to conform to traditional roles and expectations, particularly in regard to marriage. She argues that feminism has focused heavily on pushing for women’s rights within the institution of marriage, while overlooking the experiences of those who do not desire marriage as a life goal.
Kendall addresses the harmful assumption that marriage automatically equates to happiness and success for women. She highlights the pervasive message that marriage is the ultimate achievement, leading to a variety of negative consequences for those who choose to remain single, such as societal alienation, stigma, and diminished opportunities. Specifically, she sheds light on how this issue disproportionately affects Black and brown women, who often face additional barriers due to racism and economic disparities.
The chapter also delves into the complexities of how the desire for marriage can be interconnected with financial security, stability, and cultural expectations. Kendall stresses the importance of understanding that feminism should not solely revolve around marriage and that dismantling oppressive systems should take precedence over a narrow focus on individual choices.
She advocates for a feminism that centers the needs and experiences of all women, including those who do not conform to societal norms. Kendall highlights the importance of acknowledging and addressing the biases present within feminist movements in order to create a more inclusive and empowering movement for all women.
In summary, Chapter 5 of Hood Feminism challenges the dominant narrative that defines women’s success through marriage, emphasizing the need for feminism to address larger systemic issues rather than solely focusing on personal choices and traditional gender roles.
Chapter 6: The Care Crisis
Chapter 6 of “Hood Feminism” by Mikki Kendall delves into the issue of the care crisis, highlighting how traditional feminism often neglects the specific challenges faced by women in marginalized communities. Kendall argues that the care crisis is not just a personal issue affecting women individually, but also a systematic problem rooted in socioeconomic disparities and structural racism.
The chapter starts by discussing the myth of the “superwoman” and the immense pressures placed on women to simultaneously fulfill their roles as mothers, caregivers, and providers in the face of limited resources and support systems. Kendall emphasizes how Black women, in particular, have historically been responsible for caring for their families, communities, and even white families, while their own needs are often neglected.
Kendall examines how the patriarchy influences societal expectations around caregiving, perpetuating the stereotype that women should naturally enjoy and excel in nurturing roles. However, the author points out that caregiving work is undervalued and underpaid, rendering it an economic burden for women, particularly those from marginalized backgrounds. Moreover, Kendall highlights how women of color have historically been excluded from opportunities for advancement and higher-paying jobs, further deepening the care crisis.
The chapter concludes with suggestions for how feminism can address the care crisis. Kendall emphasizes the need for a more inclusive feminist movement that recognizes the interconnectedness of various systems of oppression. This requires advocating for policies such as paid parental leave, affordable childcare, and access to quality healthcare, which would alleviate some of the burdens faced by women in marginalized communities.
Overall, Chapter 6 of “Hood Feminism” shines a spotlight on the care crisis, emphasizing the urgent need for intersectional feminism to address the systemic issues that disproportionately affect women of color and women from marginalized backgrounds.
Chapter 7: Education and the Myth of Meritocracy
Chapter 7 of “Hood Feminism” by Mikki Kendall focuses on the topic of education and challenges the myth of meritocracy within the education system. The chapter explores how systemic inequality and oppression intersect with education, particularly for marginalized communities.
Kendall highlights how educational institutions often fail marginalized communities, including Black, Indigenous, and other communities of color. She argues that the education system’s emphasis on standardized testing and rigid curriculum standards disproportionately affects underprivileged students who may come from challenging backgrounds. The pressure to perform well on tests further perpetuates the myth that success in education is solely determined by merit, disregarding the systemic barriers that exist.
The author delves into the issue of the school-to-prison pipeline, where disciplinary actions in schools disproportionately target Black and brown students. She underscores how policing and stricter disciplinary measures perpetuate a cycle of violence and marginalization for these students, further deterring their educational prospects.
Kendall also explores the lack of representation and diversity in educational spaces, pointing out that the curriculum often overlooks the contributions and experiences of marginalized communities. As a result, students from these communities are denied the opportunity to see themselves reflected in their education, which hinders their engagement and development.
Ultimately, the chapter argues for a shift in the education system towards a more inclusive and equitable approach. Kendall emphasizes the importance of acknowledging and addressing systemic biases and creating educational spaces that uplift and empower marginalized communities. By dismantling the myth of meritocracy and advocating for transformative change, the author urges readers to recognize the intersectionality of education and fight for a truly inclusive and equitable system.
Chapter 8: Violence, Misogyny, and Rape Culture
Chapter 8: Violence, Misogyny, and Rape Culture from Mikki Kendall’s book “Hood Feminism” delves into issues surrounding violence, misogyny, and rape culture primarily experienced by marginalized and underprivileged women. Kendall highlights how mainstream feminist movements tend to ignore or dismiss these struggles, focusing instead on issues that predominantly affect privileged women. Through this chapter, she aims to shed light on the urgent need for a more inclusive feminism that addresses the root causes of violence against women and dismantles the prevalent rape culture.
Kendall argues that violence against women, particularly women of color and those living in poverty, cannot be separated from other systemic issues such as poverty, racism, and discrimination. She emphasizes that the patriarchal and capitalist structures in society exacerbate violence against women, leaving marginalized women at greater risk. Kendall calls for a proactive, intersectional approach to feminism that acknowledges the complex intersections of race, class, and gender.
The chapter also examines the damaging effects of misogyny perpetuated by media, popular culture, and societal norms. Kendall highlights how rap music, often criticized for its misogyny, is a reflection of the broader issues of violence and misogyny towards women. She argues against the simplistic approach of blaming rap music, pointing out that it is crucial to address the underlying social conditions that enable such expressions of misogyny.
Furthermore, Kendall explores the concept of rape culture, whereby victims are blamed and perpetrators are excused in our society. She unpacks how traditional feminist movements have often overlooked the experiences of marginalized women, specifically women who face additional layers of oppression due to their race, class, or sexual orientation. She emphasizes the need for an inclusive feminism that centers on fighting against rape culture and advocating for justice for all survivors, regardless of their social standing.
In summary, Chapter 8 of “Hood Feminism” calls for a more encompassing feminism that recognizes and addresses the violence, misogyny, and rape culture experienced by marginalized women. By exploring the intersectionality of these issues, Kendall aims to create awareness and inspire action towards a more inclusive and equitable feminist movement.
After Reading
In conclusion, “Hood Feminism” by Mikki Kendall is a powerful and insightful book that challenges the mainstream narrative of feminism. Through her own experiences and extensive research, Kendall highlights the urgent issues that have been neglected by mainstream feminism, focusing on topics such as racial inequality, poverty, and violence against marginalized communities. She argues that true feminism must be intersectional and inclusive, addressing the needs and struggles of all women, especially those from marginalized backgrounds. Kendall’s thought-provoking analysis calls for a more inclusive feminist movement that fights for social justice and equality for all. “Hood Feminism” is a must-read for anyone interested in understanding the complexities of modern feminism and aims to inspire readers to actively engage in dismantling the systems of oppression that affect the most vulnerable among us.
1. The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks” by Rebecca Skloot: This remarkable non-fiction book explores the story of Henrietta Lacks, whose cells were taken without her consent and became one of the most important tools in medical research. Skloot delves into the ethical implications of this case while shedding light on the racial and social injustices Lacks and her family faced. With powerful prose and meticulous research, this book raises thought-provoking questions about medical ethics and racial inequality.
2. Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind” by Yuval Noah Harari: Offering a captivating overview of the history of humanity, Harari explores the intriguing journey of Homo sapiens from our hunter-gatherer ancestors to the digitally interconnected beings we are today. This book challenges conventional narratives and examines the impact of various factors—such as agriculture, capitalism, and technology—on our collective evolution. Harari invites readers to reflect on the social constructs that shape our lives and envision the possibilities that lie ahead.
3. Educated” by Tara Westover: In this compelling memoir, Westover recounts her remarkable escape from a strict and abusive upbringing in rural Idaho. Through sheer determination and self-education, Westover defied the limitations imposed upon her and pursued higher education, ultimately earning a PhD from Cambridge University. Her story is a testament to the power of resilience and the pursuit of knowledge, shedding light on the transformative nature of education and the resilience of the human spirit.
4. Quiet: The Power of Introverts in a World That Can’t Stop Talking” by Susan Cain: In this insightful book, Cain explores the power of introverts, challenging society’s often extrovert-centric biases. Cain highlights the unique strengths possessed by introverts and examines the ways in which their contributions enrich various aspects of society. With a blend of research, personal anecdotes, and practical advice, Cain encourages readers to celebrate and embrace their introverted qualities, while urging society to recognize and appreciate the contributions of introverts.
5. “The Hate U Give” by Angie Thomas: This powerful young adult novel tells the story of Starr Carter, a black teenager who witnesses the fatal shooting of her childhood friend, Khalil, at the hands of a police officer. Thomas sensitively explores themes of racial inequality, police violence, and social activism through Starr’s perspective, offering a compelling and nuanced portrayal of the complexities of racial identity and injustice. This timely and thought-provoking book fosters empathy, raises awareness, and sparks important conversations about race and systemic biases.
